By which methods can corticosteroids be administered?

• A. Inhalation and nasal spray
• B. Oral and intranasal
• C. Inhalation, oral, and intravenously
• D. Topical and subcutaneous

Answer: (C)

Corticosteroids can be administered through various routes, each suited for different clinical scenarios. Inhalation allows for direct delivery to the lungs, making it effective for respiratory conditions like asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Oral administration is a common method for systemic effects, as corticosteroids can be absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract and distribute throughout the body for broader action. Intravenous administration is particularly useful in acute situations where rapid onset is required, such as severe allergic reactions or autoimmune flare-ups, allowing for immediate systemic effects.

Each of these routes— inhalation, oral, and intravenous—provides flexibility in treatment, enabling healthcare providers to choose the most appropriate method based on the patient’s condition, the urgency of treatment, and the desired effect of the corticosteroids.